Covid-19 has impacted the supply and demand status for many industries along the supply chain. In this report a comprehensive analysis of current global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment market in terms of demand and supply environment is provided, as well as price trend currently and in the next few years. Global leading players are profiled with their revenue, market share, profit margin, major product portfolio and SWOT analysis. From industry perspective this report analyses supply chain, including process chart introduction, upstream key raw material and cost analysis, distributor and downstream buyer analysis. This report also includes global and regional market size and forecast, major product development trend and typical downstream segment scenario, under the context of market drivers and inhibitors analysis. According to this survey, the global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment market is estimated to have reached $ xx million in 2020, and projected to grow at a CAGR of xx% to $ xx million in 2027. Segmented by Category High-Speed Attachment Low-Speed Attachment Others Segmented by End User/Segment Dental Clinics Hospital Research Institute Segmented by Country North America United States Canada Mexico Europe Germany France UK Italy Russia Spain Asia Pacific China Japan Korea Southeast Asia India Australasia Central & South America Brazil Argentina Colombia Middle East & Africa Iran Israel Turkey South Africa Saudi Arabia Key manufacturers included in this survey Sabra MTI Dental Lares Research Johnson-Promident Entrust Datacard Dentsply Danaher Coltene Holding Brasseler Bien-Air Beaverstate Dental Systems A-dec

List of Figures

Figure Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Picture
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value CAGR (2020-2027) by Region
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Company, 2020
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share by Company, 2020
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure Product Picture of High-Speed Attachment
Figure Product Picture of Low-Speed Attachment
Figure Product Picture of Others
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Category, 2020
Figure Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment in Dental Clinics
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market: Dental Clinics (2016-2021)
Figure Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment in Hospital
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market: Hospital (2016-2021)
Figure Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment in Research Institute
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market: Research Institute (2016-2021)
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by End User/Segment, 2020
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure China Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Japan Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure United States Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Asia Other Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Canada Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Canada Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Mexico Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Mexico Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Value Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Germany Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Germany Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure France Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure France Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure UK Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure UK Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Value Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure China Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure China Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Japan Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Japan Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Korea Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Korea Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure India Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure India Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Australasia Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Australasia Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Brazil Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Brazil Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Argentina Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Argentina Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Colombia Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Colombia Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Value Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure Iran Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Iran Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure South Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure South Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Israel Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Israel Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Turkey Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Turkey Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Saudi Arabia Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Status (2016-2021)
Figure Saudi Arabia Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Status (2016-2021)
Figure Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Supply Chain Analysis
Figure Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Production Process Chart Analysis
Figure Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Manufacturing Cost Analysis
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Asia Other Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Sabra Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Sabra Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure MTI Dental Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure MTI Dental Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Lares Research Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Lares Research Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Johnson-Promident Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Johnson-Promident Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Entrust Datacard Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Entrust Datacard Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Dentsply Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Dentsply Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Danaher Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Danaher Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Coltene Holding Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Coltene Holding Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Brasseler Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Brasseler Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Bien-Air Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure Bien-Air Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Market Share Globally (2019-2021)

Table of Contents1 Product Introduction and Overview 1.1 Product Definition 1.2 Product Specification 1.3 Global Market Overview 1.3.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status and Forecast (2016-2027) 1.3.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value CAGR by Region 1.4 Market Drivers, Inhibitors 1.4.1 Market Drivers 1.4.2 Market Inhibitors 1.4.3 COVID-19 Impact Analysis2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Supply by Company 2.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume by Company 2.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value by Company 2.3 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Price by Company 2.4 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Production Location and Sales Area of Main Manufacturers 2.5 Trend of Concentration Rate3 Global and Regional Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status by Category 3.1 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Category Introduction 3.1.1 High-Speed Attachment 3.1.2 Low-Speed Attachment 3.1.3 Others 3.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market by Category 3.2.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume by Category (2016-2021) 3.2.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value by Category (2016-2021) 3.2.3 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Price by Category (2016-2021) 3.3 North America: by Category 3.4 Europe: by Category 3.5 Asia Pacific: by Category 3.6 Central & South America: by Category 3.7 Middle East & Africa: by Category4 Global and Regional Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status by End User/Segment 4.1 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Segment by End User/Segment 4.1.1 Dental Clinics 4.1.2 Hospital 4.1.3 Research Institute 4.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market by End User/Segment 4.2.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume by End User/Segment (2016-2021) 4.2.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value by End User/Segment (2016-2021) 4.2.3 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Price by End User/Segment (2016-2021) 4.3 North America: by End User/Segment 4.4 Europe: by End User/Segment 4.5 Asia Pacific: by End User/Segment 4.6 Central & South America: by End User/Segment 4.7 Middle East & Africa: by End User/Segment5 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status by Region 5.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market by Region 5.1.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume by Region 5.1.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value by Region 5.2 North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status 5.3 Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status 5.4 Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status 5.5 Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status 5.6 Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status6 North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status 6.1 North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market by Country 6.1.1 North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021) 6.1.2 North America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value by Country (2016-2021) 6.2 United States 6.3 Canada 6.4 Mexico7 Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status 7.1 Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market by Country 7.1.1 Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021) 7.1.2 Europe Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value by Country (2016-2021) 7.2 Germany 7.3 France 7.4 UK 7.5 Italy 7.6 Russia 7.7 Spain8 Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status 8.1 Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market by Country 8.1.1 Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021) 8.1.2 Asia Pacific Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value by Country (2016-2021) 8.2 China 8.3 Japan 8.4 Korea 8.5 Southeast Asia 8.6 India 8.7 Australasia9 Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status 9.1 Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market by Country 9.1.1 Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021) 9.1.2 Central & South America Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value by Country (2016-2021) 9.2 Brazil 9.3 Argentina 9.4 Colombia10 Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Status 10.1 Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market by Country 10.1.1 Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume by Country (2016-2021) 10.1.2 Middle East & Africa Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value by Country (2016-2021) 10.2 Iran 10.3 Israel 10.4 Turkey 10.5 South Africa 10.8 Saudi Arabia11 Supply Chain and Manufacturing Cost Analysis 11.1 Supply Chain Analysis 11.2 Production Process Chart Analysis 11.3 Raw Materials and Key Suppliers Analysis 11.3.1 Raw Materials Introduction 11.3.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers List 11.4 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Manufacturing Cost Analysis 11.5 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Channel and Distributors Analysis 11.5.1 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Channel 11.5.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Distributors 11.6 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Downstream Major Buyers12 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Forecast by Category and by End User/Segment 12.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume and Sales Value Forecast (2022-2027) 12.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Forecast by Category 12.2.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Forecast by Category 12.2.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast by Category 12.2.3 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Price Forecast by Category 12.3 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Forecast by End User/Segment 12.3.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Forecast by End User/Segment 12.3.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast by End User/Segment 12.3.3 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Price Forecast by End User/Segment13 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Forecast by Region/Country 13.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Market Forecast by Region (2022-2027) 13.1.1 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2022-2027) 13.1.2 Global Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Value Forecast by Region (2022-2027) 13.2 North America Market Forecast 13.3 Europe Market Forecast 13.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecast 13.5 Central & South America Market Forecast 13.6 Middle East & Africa Market Forecast14 Key Participants Company Information 14.1 Sabra 14.1.1 Company Information 14.1.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Product Introduction 14.1.3 Sabra Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021) 14.1.4 SWOT Analysis 14.2 MTI Dental 14.2.1 Company Information 14.2.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Product Introduction 14.2.3 MTI Dental Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021) 14.2.4 SWOT Analysis 14.3 Lares Research 14.3.1 Company Information 14.3.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Product Introduction 14.3.3 Lares Research Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021) 14.3.4 SWOT Analysis 14.4 Johnson-Promident 14.4.1 Company Information 14.4.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Product Introduction 14.4.3 Johnson-Promident Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021) 14.4.4 SWOT Analysis 14.5 Entrust Datacard 14.5.1 Company Information 14.5.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Product Introduction 14.5.3 Entrust Datacard Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021) 14.5.4 SWOT Analysis 14.6 Dentsply 14.6.1 Company Information 14.6.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Product Introduction 14.6.3 Dentsply Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021) 14.6.4 SWOT Analysis 14.7 Danaher 14.7.1 Company Information 14.7.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Product Introduction 14.7.3 Danaher Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021) 14.7.4 SWOT Analysis 14.8 Coltene Holding 14.8.1 Company Information 14.8.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Product Introduction 14.8.3 Coltene Holding Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021) 14.8.4 SWOT Analysis 14.9 Brasseler 14.9.1 Company Information 14.9.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Product Introduction 14.9.3 Brasseler Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021) 14.9.4 SWOT Analysis 14.10 Bien-Air 14.10.1 Company Information 14.10.2 Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Product Introduction 14.10.3 Bien-Air Oral Surgery Handpiece Attachment Sales Volume, Price, Sales Value and Gross Margin (2019-2021) 14.10.4 SWOT Analysis 14.11 Beaverstate Dental Systems 14.12 A-dec15 Conclusion16 Methodology